我的好朋友和同事，Dr. 法里斯Hawit, a board-certified dermatologist and Mohs micrographic surgeon who has practiced in Calvert County for several years, has graciously consented to sit down with me and field a few questions about melanoma.
1. What is the most important thing concerning melanoma that the 网上买球软件 community should know?
了解你的ABCDE. Look at your skin regularly for moles that appear
a对称的，不规则的
b命令，不止一个
c颜色，有一个
diameter bigger than a pencil head eraser, and/ or are
evolving in size, shape, color, or diameter.
2. I wrote on this next subject recently, but it’s worth discussing again. Who is most at risk of developing melanoma?
People who have had five or more blistering sunburns between ages 15 and 20 have an 80 percent increased risk for melanoma. Having a previous personal history of the disease also confers a much higher risk. Research studies suggest that both UV light from the sun and tanning beds can cause melanoma and increase the risk of a benign mole turning into a melanoma. Before age 50, rates are higher in women compared to men. After age 50, and in general, men have higher rates. White populations have higher rates compared other races.
Your risk is also increased if you have:
- more than 50 moles, large moles, or atypical (unusual) moles.
- a previous melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer, which is more common than melanoma.
- 有黑色素瘤家族史.
- 对阳光敏感的皮肤(例如.e., you sunburn easily; have red or blonde hair; or have blue or green eyes).
- a history of excessive sun exposure or indoor tanning.
- a history of other cancers, such as breast or colorectal cancer.
3. What prevention measures do you recommend?
黑色素瘤很容易预防! 防晒霜，帽子，衬衫. We know exactly how melanoma develops on a molecular genetic level: it’s a combination of mutations in predisposed, 高风险的人. Prevention of those mutations through thoughtful and consistent sun protection is key.
4. If a melanoma is suspected, what is the procedure for making a diagnosis and for early treatment?
A trained care provider biopsies the suspected lesion and sends it to a specialized lab which analyzes the specimen to determine if it's a melanoma. If the diagnosis is melanoma in early stage, treatment is as simple as a minor excision under local anesthesia.
5. 什么是莫氏显微手术?
As defined by the National Cancer Institute, this is a precise and highly successful technique intended to remove layer by layer cancerous tissue involving the skin, continually examining for any residual cancer cells until none are found. This helps minimize the amount of normal skin taken away. It is especially effective for the treatment of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. It may also apply in select cases of melanoma.
6. What is the most interesting or exciting thing about melanoma in 2022?
Probably the most exciting thing is that survival rates for advanced stages of melanoma have risen meaningfully since the approval of targeted and immunotherapy treatments. When I started my training in dermatology over 18 years ago, the prognosis for advanced stages of melanoma was much worse.
感谢博士. Hawit for sharing his expertise regarding this preventable cancer.